This might partly explain why in spite of his deep interest and involvement in political matters he remained silent on the Algerian issue. British Railways perpetuated this memorial, naming Class 92 Electric Unit 92001 after him. Additionally, Hugo’s beautiful poems have attracted an exceptional amount of interest from musicians, and numerous melodies have been based on his poetry by composers such as Berlioz, Bizet, Fauré, Franck, Lalo, Liszt, Massenet, Saint-Saëns, Rachmaninov and Wagner.[9]. From February 1833 until her death in 1883, Juliette Drouet devoted her whole life to Victor Hugo, who never married her even after his wife died in 1868. All his life he remained a defender of liberty, equality and fraternity as well as an adamant champion of French culture. At the time; Victor Hugo was travelling with his mistress in the south of France. It was only after Napoleon III fell from power and the Third Republic was proclaimed that Hugo finally returned to his homeland in 1870, where he was promptly elected to the National Assembly and the Senate. It is popular worldwide, has been adapted for cinema, television and stage shows. I shout and I feel indignant and I cry. Hugo had used the departure of prisoners for the Bagne of Toulon in one of his early stories, "Le Dernier Jour d'un condamné" He went to Toulon to visit the Bagne in 1839 and took extensive notes, though he did not start writing the book until 1845. The 1848 Revolution made Hugo rebel against his Catholic Royalist education. It also initially published only the first part of the novel (“Fantine”), which was launched simultaneously in major cities. Où je l'ai vue ouvrir son aile et s'envoler! She settled in Paris. On 28 August 1824, the couple's second child, Léopoldine was born, followed by Charles on 4 November 1826, François-Victor on 28 October 1828, and Adèle on 28 July 1830. Hugo returned to political and social issues in his next novel, L'Homme Qui Rit (The Man Who Laughs), which was published in 1869 and painted a critical picture of the aristocracy. In 1819, Victor and his brothers began publishing a periodical called Le Conservateur littéraire.[11]. 22 maja 1885 w Paryżu) – francuski pisarz, poeta, dramaturg i polityk. I wish to be buried in their hearse. Foucher-Hugo Adèle, Victor Hugo raconté par Adèle Hugo, Plon, 1985, 861 p.. Hugo, Victor, Choses vues 1849–1885, Gallimard, 1972, 1014 pp.. Hugo, Victor, Choses vues 1870–1885, 529 p., International Alliance of Libertarian Parties, International Federation of Liberal Youth, Association Littéraire et Artistique Internationale, Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, "Pairs de France : HUGO Marie-Victor, vicomte Hugo", "Victor Hugo: Les Misérables – From Page to Stage research guide", "Briefest Correspondence: Question Mark? (Adèle's biography inspired the movie The Story of Adele H.) His wife Adèle had died in 1868. Hugo's Rationalism can be found in poems such as Torquemada (1869, about religious fanaticism), The Pope (1878, anti-clerical), Religions and Religion (1880, denying the usefulness of churches) and, published posthumously, The End of Satan and God (1886 and 1891 respectively, in which he represents Christianity as a griffin and Rationalism as an angel). After a rendezvous with a young woman named Laetitia he would write Joie (Happiness) in his diary. I look continually at that moment of my life A mosaic commemorating Hugo is located on the ceiling of the Thomas Jefferson Building of the Library of Congress. C. Pulsoni, "L'orazione di Victor Hugo trasformata in musica". Report of the proceedings of the second general Peace Congress, held in Paris on the 22nd, 23rd, and 24 August 1849. Sometimes he would even toss in coffee or soot to get the effects he wanted. [39], After 1872, Hugo never lost his antipathy towards the Catholic Church. It is reported that Hugo often drew with his left hand or without looking at the page, or during Spiritualist séances, in order to access his unconscious mind, a concept only later popularized by Sigmund Freud. Victor Hugo continue son œuvre littéraire. Though a committed royalist when he was young, Hugo's views changed as the decades passed, and he became a passionate supporter of republicanism serving in politics as both deputy and senator. In February 1881 Hugo celebrated his 79th birthday. Hugo's father was an officer. London, Charles Gilpin, 1849, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (. for kisses) or to Spanish (Misma. Arnaud Laster, L'Avant-Scène Opéra, no. It reflected his interest for society which appeared more often in his later work. Hugo published his first novel the year following his marriage (Han d'Islande, 1823), and his second three years later (Bug-Jargal, 1826). Like most of his contemporaries, Victor Hugo justified colonialism in terms of a civilizing mission and putting an end to the slave trade on the Barbary coast. Although Hugo's many talents did not include exceptional musical ability, he nevertheless had a great impact on the music world through the endless inspiration that his works provided for composers of the 19th and 20th century. One of the effects of the novel was to make the inhabitants of Paris restore the neglected Cathedral of Notre Dame, which was attracting thousands of tourists who had read the popular novel. It was quickly translated into other languages across Europe. He learned about Léopoldine's death from a newspaper when he was sitting in a café. The Hugo family came from Nancy in Lorraine where Victor Hugo's grandfather was a wood merchant. L'instant, pleurs superflus ! Hugo is venerated as a saint in the Vietnamese religion of Cao Dai.[11]. [62] There Hugo rented a house for her near Hauteville House, his family home. Victor Hugo byl třetím synem Josepha Léopolda Sigisberta Huga a Sophie Trébuchetové.Narodil se v roce 1802 v Besançonu a žil ve Francii po větÅ¡inu svého života. The pamphlets were banned in France but nonetheless had a strong impact there. He expounded his views on the subject in a speech he delivered during the International Peace Congress which took place in Paris in 1849. Although he had requested a pauper's funeral he was awarded a state funeral by decree of President Jules Grévy. For example, Hugo’s novel against capital punishment, The Last Day of a Condemned Man, has recently been adapted into an opera by David Alagna (libretto by Frédérico Alagna). Hugo never lost his antipathy towards the Roman Catholic Church, due largely to what he saw as the Church's indifference to the plight of the working class under the oppression of the monarchy; and perhaps also due to the frequency with which Hugo's work appeared on the Pope's list of "proscribed books" (Hugo counted 740 attacks on Les Misérables in the Catholic press). Let those who have loved me respect her. On 30 January 1876, he was elected to the newly created Senate. Les Voix intérieures, 1837 (Οι Εσωτερικές Φωνές) Les Rayons et les ombres, 1840 ... Victor Hugo und der deutsch-französische Krieg von 1870/71. Victor Marie Hugo (26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was a French poet, playwright, novelist, statesman and human rights activist.He played an important part in the Romantic movement in France.. Hugo first became famous in France because of his poetry, as well as his novels and his plays. Other speeches called for universal suffrage and free education for all children. He frequented spiritism during his exile (where he participated also in many séances conducted by Madame Delphine de Girardin)[37][38] and in later years settled into a rationalist deism similar to that espoused by Voltaire. Hugo himself particularly enjoyed the music of Gluck and Weber and greatly admired Beethoven, and rather unusually for his time, he also appreciated works by composers from earlier centuries such as Palestrina and Monteverdi. He played an important part in the Romantic movement in France. On 4 September, she drowned in the Seine at Villequier when the boat she was in overturned. Hugo counted 740 attacks on Les Misérables in the Catholic press. Hugo's religious views changed radically over the course of his life. [10] Victor moved in with his mother 18 rue des Petits-Augustins the following year and began attending law school. The people of Guernsey erected a statue by sculptor Jean Boucher in Candie Gardens (Saint Peter Port) to commemorate his stay in the islands. Sommaire 1 Forme et propos 2 Adaptations 3 Bibliographie 4 Notes Forme et propos [modifier | modifier le code] Les Djinns … Because of his concern for the rights of artists and copyright, he was a founding member of the Association Littéraire et Artistique Internationale, which led to the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works. Victor Hugo learned a lot from these travels. Some of his work was shown to, and appreciated by, contemporary artists such as Van Gogh and Delacroix; the latter expressed the opinion that if Hugo had decided to become a painter instead of a writer, he would have outshone the artists of their century. There is a statue of Hugo across from the Museo Carlo Bilotti in Rome, Italy. The pamphlets were banned in France, but nonetheless had a strong impact there. Avenue Victor-Hugo, in Shawinigan, Quebec, Canada, was named to honor him. Hugo was on vacation when Les Misérables was published. When Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III) grabbed complete power in 1851, establishing an anti-parliamentary constitution, Hugo openly declared him a traitor to France. [20] He moved to Brussels, then Jersey, from which he was expelled for supporting a Jersey newspaper that had criticised Queen Victoria. "[2] Hugo believed himself to have been conceived on 24 June 1801, which is the origin of Jean Valjean's prisoner number 24601. É autor de Les Misérables e de Notre-Dame de Paris, entre diversas outras obras clássicas de fama e renome mundial. The youngest son of Joseph Léopold Sigisbert Hugo (1774–1828) a general in the Napoleonic army, and Sophie Trébuchet (1772–1821); the couple had two more sons: Abel Joseph (1798–1855) and Eugène (1800–1837). when I cried out: "The child that I had just now-- He describes his shock and grief in his famous poem "À Villequier": Hélas ! Dedicated to the channel island of Guernsey, where he spent fifteen years of exile, Hugo’s story about Man’s battle with the sea and the creatures in its depths, started an unusual trend in Paris: squids. Between 1829 and 1840, he published five more volumes of poetry (Les Orientales, 1829; Les Feuilles d'automne, 1831; Les Chants du crépuscule, 1835; Les Voix intérieures, 1837; and Les Rayons et les Ombres, 1840), cementing his reputation as one of the greatest elegiac and lyric poets of his time. Exclamation Mark! While in exile, Hugo published his famous political pamphlets against Napoleon III, Napoléon le Petit and Histoire d'un crime. Victor married Adèle the following year. He telegraphed the single-character message '?' Victor Hugo is the namesake of the city of Hugoton, Kansas.[68]. From 1859, his exile was by choice. Les Misérables (/ l eɪ ˌ m ɪ z ə ˈ r ɑː b əl,-b l ə /, French: [le mizeʁabl(ə)]) is a French historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century.. En 1835, ce sera Les Chants du Crépuscule, puis Les Voix intérieures en 1837 et, en 1840, Les Rayons et les Ombres. Pieuvre avec les initiales V.H., ("Octopus with the initials V.H. Her heavy skirts pulled her down, when a boat overturned. Hugo's popularity as a playwright grew with subsequent plays, such as Marion Delorme (1831), The King Amuses Himself (1832), and Ruy Blas (1838). Je crois en Dieu. "), 1866. Hugo's eldest and favourite daughter, Léopoldine, died in 1843 at the age of 19, shortly after her marriage to Charles Vacquerie. Crépuscule ("Twilight"), Jersey, 1853-1855. However, the novel was not as successful as his previous efforts, and Hugo himself began to comment on the growing distance between himself and literary contemporaries such as Flaubert and Émile Zola, whose realist and naturalist novels were now exceeding the popularity of his own work. On 28 June, the city of Paris changed the name of the Avenue d'Eylau to Avenue Victor-Hugo. So the abolition of slavery is, at this hour, the supreme goal of the thinkers. Finally, he was forced into exile because of his political views. Le Rocher de l'Ermitage dans un paysage imaginaire ("Ermitage Rock in an imaginary landscape"). The celebrations began on the 25th when Hugo was presented with a Sèvres vase, the traditional gift for sovereigns. More than two million people joined his funeral procession in Paris from the Arc de Triomphe to the Panthéon, where he was buried. [33], Victor Hugo, who said "A war between Europeans is a civil war",[34] was an enthusiastic advocate for the creation of the United States of Europe. [42], Hugo's rationalism can be found in poems such as Torquemada (1869, about religious fanaticism), The Pope (1878, anti-clerical), Religions and Religion (1880, denying the usefulness of churches) and, published posthumously, The End of Satan and God (1886 and 1891 respectively, in which he represents Christianity as a griffin and rationalism as an angel). Superficially an adventure, one of Hugo's biographers calls it a "metaphor for the 19th century–technical progress, creative genius and hard work overcoming the immanent evil of the material world."[18]. Jeho bratři byli Abel Joseph Hugo (nar. Marble bust of Victor Hugo by Auguste Rodin. [5] He had also pleaded for Benito Juarez to spare the recently captured emperor Maximilian I of Mexico but to no avail. I demand a prayer to all souls. Dedicated to the channel island of Guernsey, where he spent 15 years of exile, Hugo tells of a man who attempts to win the approval of his beloved's father by rescuing his ship, intentionally marooned by its captain who hopes to escape with a treasure of money it is transporting, through an exhausting battle of human engineering against the force of the sea and a battle against an almost mythical beast of the sea, a giant squid. A census-taker asked Hugo in 1872 if he was a Catholic, and he replied, "No. The surviving drawings are surprisingly accomplished and "modern" in their style and execution, foreshadowing the experimental techniques of Surrealism and Abstract Expressionism. Son frère Eugène Hugo meurt à l'âge de 37 ans le 20 février 1837 à l'Hôpital Esquirol de Saint-Maurice (Val-de-Marne). In February 1815 Victor and Eugene were taken away from their mother and placed by their father in the Pension Cordier, a private boarding school in Paris, where Victor and Eugène remained three years while also attending lectures at Lycée Louis le Grand. [32] This caused so much uproar that in the evening a mob of fifty to sixty men attempted to force their way into the writer's house shouting "Death to Victor Hugo! But Hugo’s first successful novel Notre-Dame de Paris (The Hunchback of Notre Dame), which was published in 1831. This is a crime I am going to commit", but he felt he had to assume that responsibility. Hugo, Victor, Choses vues 1870–1885, Gallimard, 1972. François-René de Chateaubriand, the famous Romantic writer, influenced Hugo during the early 1800s. Victor-Marie Hugo (Besançon, 26 de fevereiro de 1802 — Paris, 22 de maio de 1885) foi um romancista, poeta, dramaturgo, ensaísta, artista, estadista e ativista pelos direitos humanos francês de grande atuação política em seu país. Many are not aware that Hugo was almost as prolific in the visual arts as he was in literature, producing more than 4,000 drawings in his lifetime. Outside France, his most famous works are the novels Les Misérables, 1862, and The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (French: Notre-Dame de Paris), 1831. In 1871, after the death of his son Charles, Hugo took custody of his grandchildren Jeanne and Georges-Victor. Jeden z najważniejszych twórców literatury francuskiej i czołowy przedstawiciel romantyzmu francuskiego.. Autor poezji, dramatów wierszem i prozą oraz powieści, jak również listów i przemówień politycznych. Installments of the book sold out within hours and had enormous impact on French society. Then, he became involved in politics and supported Republicanism. Marchers stretched from Avenue d'Eylau, down the Champs-Élysées, and all the way to the center of Paris. [43], Although Hugo's many talents did not include exceptional musical ability, he nevertheless had a great impact on the music world through the inspiration that his works provided for composers of the 19th and 20th century. In the city of Avellino, Italy, Victor Hugo briefly stayed in what is now known as Il Palazzo Culturale, when reuniting with his father, Leopold Sigisbert Hugo, in 1808. Some great events marked Hugo's early childhood. On one of the pages of his notes about the prison, he wrote in large block letters a possible name for his hero: " JEAN TRÉJEAN". He would not hesitate to use his children's stencils, ink blots, puddles and stains, lace impressions, "pliage" or folding (i.e. More than one hundred operas are based on Hugo’s works and among them are Donizetti’s Lucrezia Borgia (1833), Verdi’s Rigoletto (1851) and Ernani (1844), and Ponchielli’s La Gioconda (1876). However, he enjoyed sharing his drawings with his family and friends, often in the form of ornately handmade calling cards, many of which were given as gifts to visitors when he was in political exile. My envious eye, turning toward the past, what! 208 (2002). When he was young, Victor Hugo fell in love. The celebrations began on 25 June 1881, when Hugo was presented with a Sèvres vase, the traditional gift for sovereigns. He produced more than 4,000 drawings in his lifetime, and campaigned for social causes such as the abolition of capital punishment. Hugo later titled himself as a viscount, and it was as "Vicomte Victor Hugo" that he was appointed a peer of France on 13 April 1845. In this poem, he describes visiting her grave. After three unsuccessful attempts, Hugo was finally elected to the Académie française in 1841, confirming his position in the world of French arts and letters. Although Napoleon III granted an amnesty to all political exiles in 1859, Hugo declined, as it meant he would have to curtail his criticisms of the government. In his youth, he called himself as a Catholic and professed respect for Church hierarchy and authority. Quoi donc ! [63] A bust of Hugo stands near the entrance of the Old Summer Palace in Beijing. The City of Paris has preserved his residences Hauteville House, Guernsey, and 6, Place des Vosges, Paris, as museums. Rorschach blots), "grattage" or rubbing, often using the charcoal from match sticks or his fingers instead of pen or brush. She drowned in the Seine at Villequier. I keep looking at that moment of my life [2], Hugo turned away from social or political issues in his next novel, Les Travailleurs de la Mer (Toilers of the Sea), published in 1866. Hugo, who was still banished from France, was unable to attend her funeral in Villequier where their daughter Léopoldine was buried. In June 1821 Sophie Trebuchet died, and Léopold married his long time mistress Catherine Thomas a month later. Outside of France, his novels Les Misérables and Notre-Dame de Paris (known in English also as The Hunchback of Notre Dame) are his most famous works. She wrote some 20,000 letters in which she expressed her passion or vented her jealousy on her womanizing lover. Without anything else down here able to console me, Hugo, Victor, Choses vues, 1870–1885, Gallimard, 1972. Both were caught in adultery on 5 July 1845. The Avenue Victor-Hugo in the XVIème arrondissement of Paris bears Hugo's name, and links the Place de l'Étoile to the vicinity of the Bois de Boulogne by way of the Place Victor-Hugo. Hugo is venerated as a saint in the Vietnamese religion of Cao Đài, a new religion established in Vietnam in 1926. When one of the authors dies, the rights should totally be granted back to the other, the people". She saved my life in December 1851. On 27 June, one of the largest parades in French history was held. During the reign of Napoleon III he went into exile. What! Most large French towns and cities have a street or square named after him.
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