Quoi donc ! Their first child, Léopold (born in 1823), died in infancy. Hugo himself considered it to be a precursor to his great work on social injustice, Les Misérables. His death generated intense national mourning. It is popular worldwide, has been adapted for cinema, television and stage shows. In 1848, Hugo was elected to the National Assembly of the Second Republic as a conservative. The conference helped establish Hugo as a prominent public speaker and sparked his international fame, and promoted the idea of the "United States of Europe". But Hugo’s first successful novel Notre-Dame de Paris (The Hunchback of Notre Dame), which was published in 1831. The novel was not as successful as his previous efforts, and Hugo himself began to comment on the growing distance between himself and literary contemporaries such as Flaubert and Émile Zola, whose realist and naturalist novels were now exceeding the popularity of his own work. Hugo worked only on paper, and on a small scale; usually in dark brown or black pen-and-ink wash, sometimes with touches of white, and rarely with colour. I keep looking at that moment of my life Hugo suffered a mild stroke on 27 June 1878.[55][56]. Some great events marked Hugo's early childhood. He frequented spiritism during his exile (where he participated also in many séances conducted by Madame Delphine de Girardin)[37][38] and in later years settled into a rationalist deism similar to that espoused by Voltaire. The Hugo family came from Nancy in Lorraine where Victor Hugo's grandfather was a wood merchant. It was only after Napoleon III fell from power and the Third Republic was proclaimed that Hugo finally returned to his homeland in 1870, where he was promptly elected to the National Assembly and the Senate. Many of his works have inspired music, both during his lifetime and after his death, including the musicals Les Misérables and Notre-Dame de Paris. [6] Although for various reasons the opera closed soon after its fifth performance and is little known today, it has been recently enjoying a revival, both in a piano/song concert version by Liszt at the Festival international Victor Hugo et Égaux 2007[7] and in a full orchestral version to be presented in July 2008 at Le Festival de Radio France et Montpellier Languedoc-Roussillon. [42], Hugo's rationalism can be found in poems such as Torquemada (1869, about religious fanaticism), The Pope (1878, anti-clerical), Religions and Religion (1880, denying the usefulness of churches) and, published posthumously, The End of Satan and God (1886 and 1891 respectively, in which he represents Christianity as a griffin and rationalism as an angel). Hugo had used the departure of prisoners for the Bagne of Toulon in one of his early stories, "Le Dernier Jour d'un condamné" He went to Toulon to visit the Bagne in 1839 and took extensive notes, though he did not start writing the book until 1845. Death to the scoundrel!". He married Adèle in 1822, after his mother's death in 1821. Marchers stretched from the Avenue d'Eylau, where the author was living, down the Champs-Élysées, and all the way to the centre of Paris. Claude Gueux, a documentary short story about a real-life murderer who had been executed in France, appeared in 1834 and was later considered by Hugo himself to be a precursor to his great work on social injustice, Les Misérables. On the deaths of his sons Charles and François-Victor, he insisted that they be buried without crucifix or priest, and in his will made the same stipulation about his own death and funeral. “Hugo à l'Opéra”, ed. Vincent van Gogh ascribed the saying "Religions pass away, but God remains", actually by Jules Michelet, to Hugo. Never has her soul forsaken mine. Sophie separated temporarily from her husband in 1803, as it was a difficult life. From both sides, folly. Two famous musicians of the 19th century were friends of Hugo: Berlioz and Liszt. [25].mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, Only one slave on Earth is enough to dishonour the freedom of all men. to his publisher, who replied with a single '!'. Hugo began planning a major novel about social misery and injustice as early as the 1830s, but a full 17 years were needed for Les Misérables to be realised and finally published in 1862. Arnaud Laster, L'Avant-Scène Opéra, no. The initials S.B. Hugo never lost his antipathy towards the Roman Catholic Church, due largely to what he saw as the Church's indifference to the plight of the working class under the oppression of the monarchy; and perhaps also due to the frequency with which Hugo's work appeared on the Pope's list of "proscribed books" (Hugo counted 740 attacks on Les Misérables in the Catholic press). [43], Although Hugo's many talents did not include exceptional musical ability, he nevertheless had a great impact on the music world through the inspiration that his works provided for composers of the 19th and 20th century. In February 1881 Hugo celebrated his 79th birthday. A bust of Hugo stands near the entrance of the Old Summer Palace in Beijing. Je crois en Dieu. After a rendezvous with a young woman named Laetitia he would write Joie (Happiness) in his diary. Hugo produced more than 4,000 drawings. However, he enjoyed sharing his drawings with his family and friends, often in the form of ornately handmade calling cards, many of which were given as gifts to visitors when he was in political exile. In particular, Hugo's plays, in which he rejected the rules of classical theatre in favour of romantic drama, attracted the interest of many composers who adapted them into operas. I will see that instant until I die, Jeho bratři byli Abel Joseph Hugo (nar. After that revolution, he preferred republicanism and freethought. Ville avec le pont de Tumbledown, ("Town with Tumbledown Bridge"), 1847. She drowned in the Seine at Villequier. Though a committed royalist when he was young, Hugo's views changed as the decades passed, and he became a passionate supporter of republicanism serving in politics as both deputy and senator. He became secretly engaged to his childhood friend Adèle Foucher (1803-1868), against his mother's wishes. Marchers stretched from Avenue d'Eylau, down the Champs-Élysées, and all the way to the center of Paris. [1], Since Hugo's father was an officer in Napoleon's army, the family moved frequently from posting to posting, Sophie had three children in four years. In France, Hugo is renowned for his poetry collections, such as Les Contemplations (The Contemplations) and La Légende des siècles (The Legend of the Ages). Hugo worked only on paper, and on a small scale; usually in dark brown or black pen-and-ink wash, sometimes with touches of white, and rarely with color. The latter played Beethoven in Hugo's home, and Hugo joked in a letter to a friend that, thanks to Liszt's piano lessons, he learned how to play a favourite song on the piano – with only one finger. It also initially published only the first part of the novel ("Fantine"), which was launched simultaneously in major cities. "), 1866. [10] In Guernsey, every two years the Victor Hugo International Music Festival attracts a wide range of musicians and the premiere of songs specially commissioned from Guillaume Connesson and based on Hugo’s poetry. The author was acutely aware of the quality of the novel and publication of the work went to the highest bidder. A group of French academicians, particularly Étienne de Jouy, were fighting against the "romantic evolution" and had managed to delay Victor Hugo's election. From 1830 to 1837 Adèle had an affair with Charles-Augustin Sainte Beuve, a reviewer and writer.[60]. Hugo, who had been a Member of the Chamber of Peers since April, avoided condemnation whereas his mistress had to spend two months in prison and six in a convent. The book also inspired a renewed appreciation for pre-renaissance buildings, which began to be actively preserved. Rorschach blots), "grattage" or rubbing, often using the charcoal from matchsticks or his fingers instead of pen or brush. He was in Paris during the siege by the Prussian army in 1870, famously eating animals given to him by the Paris zoo. Hugo, who was still banished from France, was unable to attend her funeral in Villequier where their daughter Léopoldine was buried. Although Napoleon III granted an amnesty to all political exiles in 1859, Hugo declined, as it meant he would have to curtail his criticisms of the government. Hugo kept his artwork out of the public eye, fearing it would overshadow his literary work. Hugo was at the forefront of the Romantic literary movement with his play Cromwell and drama Hernani. While in exile, Hugo published his famous political pamphlets against Napoleon III, Napoléon le Petit and Histoire d'un crime. On 30 January 1876 Hugo was elected to the newly created Senate. [22], After coming in contact with Victor Schœlcher, a writer who fought for the abolition of slavery and French colonialism in the Caribbean, he started strongly campaigning against slavery. His poems were admired but it was his next collection, four years later in 1826 (Odes et Ballades) which revealed Hugo to be a great poet. For example, Hugo's novel against capital punishment, The Last Day of a Condemned Man, was adapted into an opera by David Alagna, with a libretto by Frédérico Alagna and premièred by their brother, tenor Roberto Alagna, in 2007. "[31] Yet he made a point of offering his support to members of the Commune subjected to brutal repression. 26 lutego 1802 w Besançon, zm. On 28 August 1824, the couple's second child, Léopoldine was born, followed by Charles on 4 November 1826, François-Victor on 28 October 1828, and Adèle on 28 July 1830. This page was last edited on 25 February 2021, at 20:47. In October 1807 the family rejoined Leopold, now Colonel Hugo, Governor of the province of Avellino. [20] I refuse [funeral] orations from all Churches. The house where he stayed in Vianden, Luxembourg, in 1871 has also become a museum. [4] After that he became increasingly involved in French politics. After leaving France, Hugo lived in Brussels briefly in 1851, and then moved to the Channel Islands, first to Jersey (1852–1855) and then to the smaller island of Guernsey in 1855, where he stayed until Napoleon III's fall from power in 1870. Hugo himself particularly enjoyed the music of Gluck and Weber and greatly admired Beethoven, and rather unusually for his time, he also appreciated works by composers from earlier centuries such as Palestrina and Monteverdi. Sans que rien ici-bas puisse m'en consoler, Drawing became his exclusive creative outlet during the period 1848-1851. His mother was an extreme Catholic Royalist. He was confident that he would be offered the dictatorship, as shown by the notes he kept at the time: "Dictatorship is a crime. When the book was finally written, Tréjean became Jean Valjean.[14]. ", Hugo's death from pneumonia on 22 May 1885, at the age of 83, generated intense national mourning. [57] Letters addressed to the author were from then on labelled "To Mister Victor Hugo, In his avenue, Paris". The book also inspired a renewed appreciation for pre-Renaissance buildings, which thereafter began to be actively preserved. I do declare I will die a fanatic patriot".[59]. [41], Yet he believed in life after death and prayed every single morning and night, convinced as he wrote in The Man Who Laughs that "Thanksgiving has wings and flies to its right destination. Marble bust of Victor Hugo by Auguste Rodin. He wrote many poems afterward about his daughter's life and death, and at least one biographer[who?] Les Misérables proved popular enough with the masses that the issues it highlighted were soon on the agenda of the National Assembly of France. L'instant, pleurs superflus ! On the 27th one of the largest parades in French history was held. Victor Hugo byl třetím synem Josepha Léopolda Sigisberta Huga a Sophie Trébuchetové.Narodil se v roce 1802 v Besançonu a žil ve Francii po větÅ¡inu svého života. Hugo married Adèle Foucher in October 1822. Many are not aware that Hugo was almost as prolific in the visual arts as he was in literature, producing more than 4,000 drawings in his lifetime. Victor married Adèle the following year. Finally, he was forced into exile because of his political views. Napoléon became Emperor two years after Hugo's birth. His most famous poem is undeniably "Demain, dès l'aube" (Tomorrow, at Dawn), in which he describes visiting her grave. Victor-Marie Hugo (French: [viktɔʁ maʁi yɡo] (listen); 7 Ventôse year X [26 February 1802] – 22 May 1885) was a French poet, novelist, and dramatist of the Romantic movement. [1] He describes his shock and grief in his poem À Villequier: Hélas ! In Havana, Cuba, there is a park named after him. He knew about the atrocities committed by the French Army during the French conquest of Algeria as evidenced by his diary[21] but he never denounced them publicly; however in Les Misérables, Hugo wrote: "Algeria too harshly conquered, and, as in the case of India by the English, with more barbarism than civilization". Despite his personal loss, Hugo remained committed to the cause of political change. vers le passé tournant un œil d'envie, Every inch and detail of the event was for Hugo; the official guides even wore cornflowers as an allusion to Fantine's song in Les Misérables. I demand a prayer to all souls. Victor Marie Hugo (26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was a French poet, playwright, novelist, statesman and human rights activist. what! Victor Hugo fought a lifelong battle for the abolition of the death penalty as a novelist, diarist, and member of Parliament. [13] After the Siege of Paris from 1870 to 1871, Hugo lived again in Guernsey from 1872 to 1873, and then finally returned to France for the remainder of his life. Léopold enlisted in the army of Revolutionary France at fourteen, he was an atheist and an ardent supporter of the republic created following the abolition of the monarchy in 1792. Victor fell in love and secretly became engaged, against his mother's wishes, to his childhood friend Adèle Foucher. This page was last changed on 9 February 2021, at 05:36. He sought a wide variety of women of all ages, be they courtesans, actresses, prostitutes, admirers, servants or revolutionaries like Louise Michel for sexual activity. Hugo returned to political and social issues in his next novel, L'Homme Qui Rit (The Man Who Laughs), which was published in 1869 and painted a critical picture of the aristocracy. Although Napoleon III granted an amnesty to all political exiles in 1859, Hugo declined, as it meant he would have to curtail his criticisms of the government. In 1851, he lived in Belgium, in Brussels.He moved to Jersey in 1852. Many things Chateaubriand did, Hugo copied. Report of the proceedings of the second general Peace Congress, held in Paris on the 22nd, 23rd, and 24 August 1849. Hugo would later write about his brief stay here, quoting "C'était un palais de marbre..." ("It was a palace of marble"). From 1859, his exile was by choice. [9], On 10 July 1816, Hugo wrote in his diary: “I shall be Chateaubriand or nothing”. Sometimes he would even toss in coffee or soot to get the effects he wanted. Hugo also worked with composer Louise Bertin, writing the libretto for her 1836 opera La Esmeralda which was based on the character in The Hunchback of Notre Dame. As Hugo's father was an officer, the family moved frequently. Drawing became his exclusive creative outlet between 1848 and 1851. When he was young, he was a conservative royalist. Hugo had four other children called Léopoldine (28 August 1824), Charles (4 November 1826), François-Victor (28 October 1828) and Adèle (24 August 1830). After this, he wrote many poems about his daughter's life and death. Hugo published his first novel in 1823 (Han d'Islande). Despite their respective affairs, they lived together for nearly 46 years until she died in August 1868. Je refuse l'oraison de toutes les Églises. This was only shortly after her marriage. En 1835, ce sera Les Chants du Crépuscule, puis Les Voix intérieures en 1837 et, en 1840, Les Rayons et les Ombres. Every inch and detail of the event was for Hugo; the official guides even wore cornflowers as an allusion to Cosette's song in Les Misérables. They also reported from a reliable source that at one point in the night he had whispered the following Alexandrin, "En moi c’est le combat du jour et de la nuit" – "In me, this is the battle between day and night". Je regarde toujours ce moment de ma vie When he was young, Victor Hugo fell in love. Je regarde toujours ce moment de ma vie Hugo died on 22 May 1885 in Paris, France from an infection, aged 83. It is popular worldwide and has been adapted for cinema, television, and stage shows. Hugo is considered to be one of the greatest and best-known French writers. In June 1821 Sophie Trebuchet died, and Léopold married his long time mistress Catherine Thomas a month later. V.H. My envious eye, turning toward the past, Jeden z najważniejszych twórców literatury francuskiej i czołowy przedstawiciel romantyzmu francuskiego.. Autor poezji, dramatów wierszem i prozą oraz powieści, jak również listów i przemówień politycznych. Alas! In the town of Béziers there is a main street, a school, hospital and several cafés named after Hugo, and a number of streets and avenues throughout France are named after him. [63] [23] In 1859 he wrote a letter asking the United States government, for the sake of their own reputation in the future, to spare abolitionist John Brown's life, Hugo justified Brown's actions by these words: "Assuredly, if insurrection is ever a sacred duty, it must be when it is directed against Slavery. While in exile, Hugo published his famous political pamphlets against Napoleon III, Napoléon le Petit and Histoire d'un crime. His work was about many of the political and social problems as well as the artistic trends of his time. En 1831, il publie le roman Notre-Dame de Paris et Les Feuilles d'Automne, un recueil de poèmes. He ranked very high in Napoléon's army. From squid dishes and exhibitions, to squid hats and parties, Parisians became fascinated by these unusual sea creatures.[3]. This square is served by a Paris Métro stop also named in his honor. Pieuvre avec les initales V.H., ("Octopus with the initials V.H. More than one hundred operas are based on Hugo’s works and among them are Donizetti’s Lucrezia Borgia (1833), Verdi’s Rigoletto (1851) and Ernani (1844), and Ponchielli’s La Gioconda (1876). Les Misérables (/ l eɪ ˌ m ɪ z ə ˈ r ɑː b əl,-b l ə /, French: [le mizeʁabl(ə)]) is a French historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century.. His parents had different political and religious views. Sometimes he would even toss in coffee or soot to get the effects he wanted. Victor Hugo continue son œuvre littéraire. To honor the fact that he was entering his eightieth year, one of the greatest tributes to a living writer was held. One of the effects of the novel was to make the inhabitants of Paris restore the neglected Cathedral of Notre Dame, which was attracting thousands of tourists who had read the popular novel. On 30 January 1876, he was elected to the newly created Senate.
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